![]() If the spike protein mutates too much, the antibodies produced by a vaccine will effectively be out of date and might not bind the virus effectively enough to prevent infection. Some genetic changes have been spotted in the virus’s protein “spikes” which are the basis of most vaccines. So far, the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus seems fairly stable, but it is acquiring mutations, as all viruses do. The rapid evolution of HIV is a major reason we have no vaccine for the disease. Some viruses, such as influenza, mutate so rapidly that vaccine developers have to release new formulations each year. The genetic stability of the virus matters too. “If the natural infection doesn’t give you that much immunity except when it’s a severe infection, what will a vaccine do? It could be better, but we don’t know.” If a vaccine only protects for a year, the virus will be with us for some time. “That’s what is particularly challenging,” says Stanley Perlman, a veteran coronavirus researcher at the University of Iowa. Last week, scientists at Rockefeller University in New York found that most people who recovered from Covid-19 without going into hospital did not make many killer antibodies against the virus. Researchers at Oxford University recently analysed blood from recovered Covid-19 patients and found that levels of IgG antibodies – those responsible for longer-lasting immunity – rose steeply in the first month of infection but then began to fall again. About a quarter of common colds are caused by human coronaviruses, but the immune response fades so rapidly that people can become reinfected the next year. The lessons learned will help scientists create a vaccine for Sars-CoV-2, but there is still an awful lot to learn about the virus.Ī chief concern is that coronaviruses do not tend to trigger long-lasting immunity. But none have been licensed, partly because Sars fizzled out and Mers is regional to the Middle East. Two coronaviruses have caused lethal outbreaks before, namely Sars and Mers, and vaccine research went ahead for both. Scientists have worked on coronavirus vaccines before, so are not starting from scratch. The fastest vaccine ever developed was for mumps. The dengue fever virus was identified in 1943, but the first vaccine was approved only last year, and even then amid concerns it made the infection worse in some people. More than 30 years after scientists isolated HIV, the virus that causes Aids, we have no vaccine. But none of this is easily achieved, as vaccine timelines show. The ideal vaccine protects against infection, prevents its spread, and does so safely. Vaccines are simple in principle but complex in practice. The privacy declaration is worthless and does not mean anything.Earlier this week, England’s deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam said the words nobody wanted to hear: “We can’t be sure we will get a vaccine.” ![]() "Under our terms ( ), you grant Facebook permission to use, distribute, and share the things you post, subject to the terms and applicable privacy settings."īrad Shear, a Washington-area attorney and blogger who is an expert on social media, said the message was "misleading and not true." He said that when you agree to Facebook's terms of use you provide Facebook a "non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free, worldwide license to use any content you post. You do not need to make any declarations about copyright issues since the law already protects you. "We have noticed some statements that suggest otherwise and we wanted to take a moment to remind you of the facts - when you post things like photos to Facebook, we do not own them," Facebook spokesman Andrew Noyes said in a statement. Here's the truth: Facebook doesn't own your media and there is no such thing as the Berner Convention. It's a frightful message and those worried that Facebook will own their photos or other media are posting it - unaware that it is a hoax. It encourages people to copy and paste the text and post it on their own walls if they want to be placed "under protection of copyright laws." ![]() The message has been making the rounds on the social network. You may have seen that very message pop up - perhaps time and time again - in your Facebook feed. For commercial use of the above my written consent is needed at all times!" 26, 2012 — - "In response to the new Facebook guidelines, I hereby declare that my copyright is attached to all of my personal details, illustrations, comics, paintings, professional photos and videos, etc.
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